FDD
The many shades of Islam
Clifford D. May
December 31, 2025

…It was not until the 1920s, in the aftermath of World War I, that the Ottoman Empire collapsed and the last Ottoman caliph, Abdülmecid II, boarded the Orient Express at a station near Istanbul, heading for exile among the unbelievers of Europe. Hassan al-Banna, an Egyptian school teacher, saw this as a historic tragedy. In 1928, he founded the Muslim Brotherhood. Its mission was – and still is – to reestablish Islamic supremacy and domination everywhere and anywhere. Since then, Brotherhood theologians have provided inspiration to pretty much every group committed to waging jihad against Jews, Christians, Hindus, and others. Those “others” include Muslims who decline to embrace the jihadis’ reading of Islam and the obligations the jihadis insist are incumbent upon Muslims. READ MORE